<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING</title>
<title_fa></title_fa>
<short_title>IJEEE</short_title>
<subject>Engineering &amp; Technology</subject>
<web_url>http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>18</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>agent2</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>1735-2827</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>1735-2827</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
<language>en</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1405</year>
	<month>6</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2026</year>
	<month>9</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>22</volume>
<number>3</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>en</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa></title_fa>
	<title>An Integrated Threat Model: Quantum Machine Learning Attacks on Satellite Communications and a Multi-Layered Defense Framework</title>
	<subject_fa>5-Satellite Communications</subject_fa>
	<subject>Satellite Communications</subject>
	<content_type_fa>Research Paper </content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Research Paper </content_type>
	<abstract_fa></abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;Satellite communications are the invisible backbone of our connected world, supporting everything from daily internet access to critical military missions. Yet, beneath their importance lies a hidden vulnerability: the physical layer remains exposed to increasingly sophisticated cyber threats. In this paper, we explore how quantum technologies could be weaponized against these systems and how they might be defended. We present an integrated attack model that brings together Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVM) for highly precise signal prediction and Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNG) for stealthy noise injection. Using realistic simulations on Qiskit, GNU Radio, and MATLAB, we show that such an attack can succeed 85% of the time, with only a 15% chance of being detected, while causing a 30% rise in bit errors. These results underline the disruptive potential of quantum-enhanced adversaries. To counter this, we propose a layered defense strategy combining post-quantum cryptography, machine learning&amp;ndash;driven intrusion detection, adaptive signal processing, and hardware safeguards. Our findings not only reveal the scale of the challenge but also offer a roadmap toward securing future satellite networks in the quantum era.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Quantum Machine Learning, Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM), Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG), Satellite Communications Security, Intrusion Detection Systems.</keyword>
	<start_page>4112</start_page>
	<end_page>4112</end_page>
	<web_url>http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6099-1&amp;slc_lang=en&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Arash</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Kosari</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>a.kosari@irost.ir</email>
	<code>1800319475328460017634</code>
	<orcid>1800319475328460017634</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST)</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
