<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING</title>
<title_fa></title_fa>
<short_title>IJEEE</short_title>
<subject>Engineering &amp; Technology</subject>
<web_url>http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>18</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>agent2</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>1735-2827</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>1735-2827</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
<language>en</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1404</year>
	<month>12</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2026</year>
	<month>3</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>22</volume>
<number>1</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>en</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa></title_fa>
	<title>Design and Validation of an Enhanced Earthing System for Low Ground Resistance</title>
	<subject_fa>5-Electromagnetics</subject_fa>
	<subject>Electromagnetics</subject>
	<content_type_fa>Research Paper </content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Research Paper </content_type>
	<abstract_fa></abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Grounding systems are critical for ensuring electrical safety, minimizing fault currents, and enhancing infrastructure reliability, particularly in regions with high-resistivity soil. This study presents the design, simulation, and field implementation of a low-resistance earthing system integrating bentonite, charcoal, and sodium chloride to reduce soil resistivity. Using ETAP software, the performance of the Finite Element Method (FEM) and IEEE Std. 80-2013 grounding models are compared under a 30kA fault current scenario. FEM simulations predict a ground resistance of 0.028 &amp;Omega; and a Ground Potential Rise (GPR) of 627.4 V, while the IEEE method yields 0.269 &amp;Omega; and 5996.5 V, respectively. Field measurements using a UNI-T Ground Tester validate the FEM results, recording an actual ground resistance of 0.023 &amp;Omega;, well below the IEEE-recommended 1 &amp;Omega; threshold, surpassing this conventional benchmark by 98%.&amp;nbsp; A comparative analysis of recent studies highlights the superiority of the composite material approach. The FEM model&amp;rsquo;s accuracy in capturing soil stratification and material effects is validated, while safety metrics (step/touch voltages) adhere to the IEEE standard. This work bridges theoretical innovation and practical implementation, offering a replicable framework for resilient grounding systems in challenging environments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Earthing System, Earth Enhancement Materials, Ground Potential Rise, Soil Resistivity, Finite Element Method (FEM)</keyword>
	<start_page>35</start_page>
	<end_page>50</end_page>
	<web_url>http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5410-2&amp;slc_lang=en&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Akinola</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Oladeji</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>oladejias.nachred@unilorin.edu.ng</email>
	<code>1800319475328460017384</code>
	<orcid>1800319475328460017384</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of Power Systems Equipment Development and Instrumentation, National Centre for Hydropower Research and Development, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Samuel</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Nahum</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>nahumds.nachred@unilorin.edu.ng</email>
	<code>1800319475328460017385</code>
	<orcid>1800319475328460017385</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of Power Systems Equipment Development and Instrumentation, National Centre for Hydropower Research and Development, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
