2026-08-08T07:22:10+03:30 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=43&slc_lang=en&sid=1

43-765 2026-08-08 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 1 M. Rezaei ma_rezaei@elec.iust.ac.ir A. Falahati afalahati@iust.ac.ir In this paper, a cooperative algorithm to improve the orthogonal space-timefrequency block codes (OSTFBC) in frequency selective channels for 2*1, 2*2, 4*1, 4*2 MIMO-OFDM systems, is presented. The algorithm of three node, a source node, a relay node and a destination node is formed, and is implemented in two stages. During the first stage, the destination and the relay antennas receive the symbols sent by the source antennas. The destination node and the relay node obtain the decision variables employing time-space-frequency decoding process by the received signals. During the second stage, the relay node transmits decision variables to the destination node. Due to the increasing diversity in the proposed algorithm, decision variables in the destination node are increased to improve system performance. The bit error rate of the proposed algorithm at high SNR is estimated by considering the BPSK modulation. The simulation results show that cooperative orthogonal space-time-frequency block coding, improves system performance and reduces the BER in a frequency selective channel. BER Cooperative Frequency-Selective Channel MIMO-OFDM Multipath Diversity OSTFBC Relay Spatial Diversity 2016 3 01 1 8 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-765-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.1.1

43-841 2026-08-08 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 1 M. Pashaian Pashaian@elec.iust.ac.ir M. R. Mosavi M_Mosavi@iust.ac.ir M. S. Moghaddasi Salamat1989@elec.iust.ac.ir M. J. Rezaei Mj_Rezaei@iust.ac.ir This paper proposes a new method for rejecting the Continuous Wave Interferences (CWI) in the Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The proposed filter is made by cascading an adaptive Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter and a Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) based filter. Although adaptive FIR filters are easy to implement and have a linear phase, they create self-noise in the rejection of strong interferences. Moreover, the WPT which provides detailed signal decomposition can be used for the excision of single-tone and multi-tone CWI and also for de-noising the retrieved GPS signal. By cascading these two filters, the self-noise imposed by FIR filter and the remaining jamming effects on GPS signal can be eliminated by the WPT based filter. The performance analysis of the proposed cascade filter is presented in this paper and it is compared with the FIR and the WPT based filters. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method offers a better performance under the interference environments of interest in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio gain and mean square error factors compared to previous methods. Cascade Filter Interference Rejection Notch Filter Wavelet Packet Transform 2016 3 01 9 20 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-841-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.1.9

43-808 2026-08-08 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 1 M. Mousavi Moaiied Maryam.moosavi.moaiied@gmail.com M. R. Mosavi M_Mosavi@iust.ac.ir In this paper, combined GPS and GLONASS positioning systems are discussed and some solutions have been proposed to improve the accuracy of navigation. Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS) is able to provide position, velocity and time with respect to coordinated universal time. GNSS positioning is based on received satellite signals, so its performance is highly dependent on the quality of these received signals. The effect of noise and multi-path can often be large enough to produce significant errors in positioning. Satellite navigation is difficult in this situation. In such circumstances, GPS or GLONASS alone are often not able to ensure consistency and accuracy in positioning due to the absence (or low quality) of signals. The combination of these two systems is an appropriate solution to improve the situation. In positioning a receiver, one of the ways that is often used to reduce the error due to observation noise and calculation errors is Kalman Filter (KF) estimation. In this paper, some changes in the structure of the KF is applied to improve the accuracy of positioning. Process of updating KF's gain, is done in fuzzy form based on the parameters available in RINEX files, including the P code pseudo-range used as an input of the proposed fuzzy system. Simulation results show that applying a fuzzy KF based on P code pseudo-range on the available data sets, in terms of noise and blocking condition, reduces the positioning error respectively from 24 to 14 meters and 90 to 25 meters. Fuzzy GNSS GPS GLONASS Kalman Filter Signal Blocking 2016 3 01 21 28 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-808-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.1.21

43-885 2026-08-08 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 1 R. Sanjari raziehsanjari@gmail.com M. pourmahyabadi pourmahyabadi@uk.ac.ir In this article, a novel structure of photonic crystal fiber with nearly zero ultra-flattened chromatic dispersion and ultra-low confinement loss is presented. By replacing the circular air-holes of two first rings with the elliptical air-holes, a fiber with outstanding features of chromatic dispersion and confinement loss is designed. The proposed structure is optimized for operating in a wide wavelength range covering S, C, and L communications bands. Finite Difference Frequency Domain (FDFD) solver is applied to analyze the proposed fiber components. The designed fiber exhibits a chromatic dispersion of -0.12 ps/nm/km at 1.55 µm along with a slope of 0.002 ps/nm2 /km. Also, the other remarkable feature of this fiber is ultra-low confinement loss in order of 10-5 dB/km around λ = 1.55 µm. Chromatic Dispersion Confinement Loss Dispersion Slope Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) 2016 3 01 29 34 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-885-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.1.29

43-824 2026-08-08 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 1 E. Ehsaeyan ehsaeyan.univ@gmail.com The use of wavelets in denoising, seems to be an advantage in representing well the details. However, the edges are not so well preserved. Total variation technique has advantages over simple denoising techniques such as linear smoothing or median filtering, which reduce noise, but at the same time smooth away edges to a greater or lesser degree. In this paper, an efficient denoising method based on Total Variation model (TV), and Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) is proposed to incorporate both properties. In our method, TV is employed to refine low-passed coefficients and DTCWT is used to shrink high-passed noisy coefficients to achieve more accurate image recovery. The efficiency of our approach is firstly analyzed by comparing the results with well-known methods such as probShrink, BLS-GSM, SUREbivariate, NL-Means and TV model. Secondly, it is compared to some denoising methods, which have been reported recently. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the Steerable pyramid denoising by 8.5% in terms of PSNR and 17.5% in terms of SSIM for standard images. Obtained results convince us that the proposed scheme provides a better performance in noise blocking among reported state-of-the-art methods. Complex Wavelet Transform Denoising Dual-Tree Steerable Pyramid Total Variation 2016 3 01 35 41 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-824-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.1.35

43-810 2026-08-08 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 1 H. Bakhshandeh h.bakhshandeh85@gmail.com A. Akbari Foroud aakbari@semnan.ac.ir This paper addresses the possibility of capacity withholding by energy producers, who seek to increase the market price and their own profits. The energy market is simulated as an iterative game, where each state game corresponds to an hourly energy auction with uniform pricing mechanism. The producers are modeled as agents that interact with their environment through reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm. Each producer submits step-wise offer curves, which include the quantity-price pairs, to independent system operator (ISO) under incomplete information. An experimental change is employed in the producer's profit maximization model that causes the iterative algorithm converge to a withholding bidding value. The producer can withhold the energy of his own generating unit in a continuous range of its available capacity. The RL relation is developed to prevent from becoming invalid in certain situations. The results on a small test system demonstrate the emergence of the capacity withholding by the producers and its effect on the market price. Electricity Energy Market Agent-Based Simulation Capacity Withholding Reinforcement Learning Price-Maker Producer 2016 3 01 42 51 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-810-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.1.42

43-803 2026-08-08 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 1 E. Babaei e-babaei@tabrizu.ac.ir M. R. Farzinnia mr.farzinnia@gmail.com In this paper, a new topology for Interline Dynamic Voltage Restorer (IDVR) is proposed. This topology contains two direct three-phase converters which have been connected together by a common fictitious dc-link. According to the kind of the disturbances, both of the converters can be employed as a rectifier or inverter. The converters receive the required compensation energy from the gird through the direct link which is provided by the dual-proposed switches. Due to the lack of the huge storage elements, the practical prototype of the proposed topology is more economical in comparison with the traditional structure. Moreover, compensating for long time duration is possible due to the unlimited eternal energy which is provided from the grids. The low volume, cost and weight are the additional features of the proposed topology in comparison with traditional types. This topology is capable to compensate both of the balanced and unbalanced disturbances. Furthermore, restoring the deep sags and power outages will be possible with the support from the other grid. Unlike the conventional topologies, the capability of compensation is independent from the power flow and the power factor of each grid. The performance of the proposed IDVR topology is validated by computer simulation with PSCAD/EMTDC software. Cycloconverter IDVR Voltage Quality Voltage Sag 2016 3 01 52 64 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-803-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.1.52

43-802 2026-08-08 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 1 N. Tabrizi n.tabrizi92@ms.tabrizu.ac.ir E. Babaei e-babaei@tabrizu.ac.ir M. Mehdinejad m.mehdinejad1369@gmail.com Reactive power plays an important role in supporting real power transmission, maintaining system voltages within proper limits and overall system reliability. In this paper, the production cost of reactive power, cost of the system transmission loss, investment cost of capacitor banks and absolute value of total voltage deviation (TVD) are included into the objective function of the power flow problem. Then, by using particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), the problem is solved. The proposed PSO algorithm is implemented on standard IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 57-bus test systems and with using fuzzy satisfying method the optimal solutions are determined. The fuzzy goals are quantified by defining their corresponding membership functions and the decision maker is then asked to specify the desirable membership values. The obtained results show that solving this problem by using the proposed method gives much better results than all the other algorithms. Reactive Power Market Particle Swarm Optimization Total Voltage Deviation Fuzzy Satisfying Method 2016 3 01 65 72 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-802-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.1.65

43-867 2026-08-08 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 1 M. Rasoulpoor m.rasoulpoor@stu.nit.ac.ir M. Mirzaie mirzaie@nit.ac.ir S. M. Mirimani mirimani@nit.ac.ir This paper investigates the effect of metallic sheaths on losses and temperature of medium voltage power cables. Two grounding methods of sheaths, including both ends bonding and single point bonding that causes different situations on cable ampacity, are considered. Electrical losses of cables that are main sources of heat are calculated in both conductor and metallic sheath of the cables. Sheathed and unsheathed medium voltage single conductor cables in flat and trefoil formations with different distances are considered, while calculated losses are compared in different constructions. Calculations of resistive losses are performed based on finite element method (FEM) and IEC standard formulations. The results of two methods are compared and analyzed. Moreover, the effects of eddy currents and circulating currents of sheath on total resistive losses are evaluated. Finally, thermal analysis based on FEM is executed to achieve maximum temperature of cable in different constructions. Simulation results show the importance of metallic sheaths and grounding system effects in power cable ampacity analysis. Medium Circulating Current Loss Eddy Current Loss Thermal Analysis Voltage Cable 2016 3 01 73 81 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-867-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.1.73

43-837 2026-08-08 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 1 F. Namdari namdari.f@lu.ac.ir M. Parvizi parvizi.ma@fe.lu.ac.ir E. Rokrok rokrok.e@lu.ac.ir Integration of distributed generations (DGs) in power grids is expected to play an essential role in the infrastructure and market of electrical power systems. Microgrids are small energy systems, capable of balancing captive supply and requesting resources to retain stable service within a specific boundary. Microgrids can operate in grid-connected or islanding modes. Effective islanding detection methods are essential for realizing the optimal operation of microgrids. In this paper, a new passive islanding detection method is presented according to the change rate of DG’s voltage over active power index. This technique has been applied on inverter-based and synchronous-based microgrids. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified through a comprehensive set of simulation studies carried out in Matlab/Simulink. Islanding Detection Microgrids Non-Detection Zone Passive Method 2016 3 01 82 90 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-837-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.1.82