2026-09-16T23:56:42+03:30 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=46&slc_lang=en&sid=1

46-976 2026-09-16 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 4 H. Shayeghi hshayeghi@gmail.com A. Ghasemi ghasemi.agm@gmail.com Microgrids is an new opportunity to reduce the total costs of power generation and supply the energy demands through small-scale power plants such as wind sources, photo voltaic panels, battery banks, fuel cells, etc. Like any power system in micro grid (MG), an unexpected faults or load shifting leads to frequency oscillations. Hence, this paper employs an adaptive fuzzy P-PID controller for frequency control of microgrid and a modified multi objective Chaotic Gravitational Search Algorithm (CGSA) in order to find out the optimal setting parameters of the proposed controller. To provide a robust controller design, two non-commensurable objective functions are formulated based on eigenvalues-domain and time-domain and multi objective CGSA algorithm is used to solve them. Moreover, a fuzzy decision method is applied to extract the best and optimal Pareto fronts. The proposed controller is carried out on a MG system under different loading conditions with wind turbine generators, photovoltaic system, flywheel energy, battery storages, diesel generator and electrolyzer. The simulation results revealed that the proposed controller is more stable in comparison with the classical and other types of fuzzy controller. Microgrid Frequency Control Multi Objective CGSA Adaptive Fuzzy P-PID Controller 2016 12 01 241 256 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-976-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.4.241

46-964 2026-09-16 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 4 A. Ejlali Abdolhossein.ejlali@gmail.com J. Soleimani javad.soleimani@gmail.com A. Vahedi avahedi@iust.ac.ir Recently, Transverse Flux Permanent Magnet Generators (TFPMGs) have been proposed as a possible generator in direct drive variable speed wind turbines due to their unique merits. Generally, the quality of output power in these systems is lower than multi stage fixed speed systems, because of removing the gears, so it’s important to design these kinds of generators with low ripple and lowest harmful harmonics and cogging torque that is one of the most important terms in increasing the quality of output power of generator. The objective of this paper is introducing a simple design method and optimization of high power TFPMG applied in vertical axis direct drive wind turbine system by lowest possible amplitude of cogging torque and highest possible power factor, efficiency and power density.  In order to extract the output values of generator and sensitivity analysis for design and optimization, 3D-Finite element model, has been used. This method has high accuracy and gives us a better insight of generator performance and presents back EMF, cogging torque, flux density and FFT of this TFPMG. This study can help designers in design approach of such motors. Transverse Flux Permanent Magnet Generator Direct Drive Wind Turbine Cogging Torque Vertical Axis Wind Turbine TFPM 2016 12 01 257 269 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-964-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.4.257

46-920 2026-09-16 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 4 M. J. Abbasi mj.abasi@semnan.ac.ir H. Yaghobi yaghobi@semnan.ac.ir The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is one of the most popular technologies used in wind power systems. With the growing use of DFIGs and increasing power system dependence on them in recent years, protecting of these generators against internal faults is more considered. Loss of excitation (LOE) event is among the most frequent failures in electric generators. However, LOE detection studies heretofore were usually confined to synchronous generators. Common LOE detection methods are based on impedance trajectory which makes the system slow and also prone to interpret a stable power swing (SPS) as a LOE fault. This paper suggests a new method to detect the LOE based on the measured variables from the DFIG terminal. In this combined method for LOE detection, the rate of change of both the terminal voltage and the output reactive power are utilized and for SPS detection, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of the output instantaneous active power has been used. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated using Matlab/Simulink interface for various power capacities and operating conditions. The results proved the method's quickness, simplicity and security. Doubly Fed Induction Generator Fault Detection Loss of Excitation Stable Power Swing 2016 12 01 270 280 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-920-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.4.270

46-1013 2026-09-16 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 4 R. Ghaffarpour rghaffarpour@ihu.ac.ir B. Mozafari mozafari_babak@yahoo.com A. Ranjbar amranjbar@sharif.edu The continuous spread of distributed energy resources (DERs) such as combined heating and power (CHP), diesel generators, boilers and renewable energy sources provide an effective solution to energy related problems to serve the power and heat demands with minimum cost. Moreover, the DERs may play a significant role for supplying power and heat in rural areas, where grid electricity is not available. Also, some dry areas may face water scarcity and salinity problems. So, one important solution is the use of DERs to drive desalination units in order to solve water scarcity and salinity problems. In this study, the optimal scheduling of DERs and reverse osmosis (RO) desalination unit that feed the required electric, thermal and potable water demands are determined. The present paper describes the operation constraints and cost function of components of the system in detail. Operation constraints of generation units as well as feasible region of operation CHP in dual dependency characteristic are taken into account. To confirm the performance of the proposed model the approach is tested on a realistic remote area over a 24-h period. The results show that the economical scheduling of DERs and desalination units can be obtained using proposed methodology by implementing the proposed formulation. Combined Heat and Power Desalination Distributed Energy Resources Optimal Joint Scheduling 2016 12 01 281 291 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1013-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.4.281

46-928 2026-09-16 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 4 M. Mollanezhad Heydarabadi mollanezhad_mehrdad@semnan.ac.ir A. Akbari Foroud aakbari@semnan.ac.ir Current inversion condition leads to incorrect operation of current based directional relay in power system with series compensated device. Application of the intelligent system for fault direction classification has been suggested in this paper. A new current directional protection scheme based on intelligent classifier is proposed for the series compensated line. The proposed classifier uses only half cycle of pre-fault and post fault current samples at relay location to feed the classifier. A lot of forward and backward fault simulations under different system conditions upon a transmission line with a fixed series capacitor are carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC software. The applicability of decision tree (DT), probabilistic neural network (PNN) and support vector machine (SVM) are investigated using simulated data under different system conditions. The performance comparison of the classifiers indicates that the SVM is a best suitable classifier for fault direction discriminating. The backward faults can be accurately distinguished from forward faults even under current inversion without require to detect of the current inversion condition. Series Compensated Transmission Line Current Inversion Condition Directional Protection Intelligent Classifier 2016 12 01 292 300 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-928-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.4.292

46-1017 2026-09-16 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 4 M. Khalilzadeh m.khalilzadeh@ut.ac.ir A. Fereidunian fereidunian@eetd.kntu.ac.ir In this paper, a stochastic approach is proposed for reliability assessment of bidirectional DC-DC converters, including the fault-tolerant ones. This type of converters can be used in a smart DC grid, feeding DC loads such as home appliances and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The reliability of bidirectional DC-DC converters is of such an importance, due to the key role of the expected increasingly utilization of DC grids in modern Smart Grid. Markov processes are suggested for reliability modeling and consequently calculating the expected effective lifetime of bidirectional converters. A three-leg bidirectional interleaved converter using data of Toyota Prius 2012 hybrid electric vehicle is used as a case study. Besides, the influence of environment and ambient temperature on converter lifetime is studied. The impact of modeling the reliability of the converter and adding reliability constraints on the technical design procedure of the converter is also investigated. In order to investigate the effect of leg increase on the lifetime of the converter, single leg to five-leg interleave DC-DC converters are studied considering economical aspect and the results are extrapolated for six and seven-leg converters. The proposed method could be generalized so that the number of legs and input and output capacitors could be an arbitrary number. Bidirectional converter Reliability Plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV) DC Microgrid Markov modeling Smart Grid. 2016 12 01 301 313 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1017-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.4.301

46-1016 2026-09-16 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 4 N. Eskandari n_eskandari@znu.ac.ir S. Jalilzadeh jalilzadeh@znu.ac.ir Load side management is the basic and significant principle to keeping the balance between generation side and consumption side of electrical power energy. Load side management on typical medium voltage feeder is the power energy consumption control of connected loads with variation of essential parameters that loads do reaction to their variation. Knowing amount of load's reaction to each parameters variation in typical medium voltage feeder during the day, leads to gain Load Manageability Factor (LMF) for that specific feeder that helps power utilities to manage their connected loads. Calculating this LMF needs to find out each types of load with unique inherent features behavior to each parameters variation. This paper results and future work results will help us to catch mentioned LMF. In this paper analysis of residential load behavior due to temperature variation with training artificial neural network will be done. Load behavior due to other essential parameters variations like energy pricing variation, major event happening, and power utility announcing to the customers, and etc will study in future works. Collecting all related works results in a unit mathematical equation or an artificial neural network will gain LMF. Load behavior Load Side Management Load Sensitivity Manageability Factor Neural Network 2016 12 01 314 321 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1016-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.4.314

46-969 2026-09-16 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering IJEEE 1735-2827 1735-2827 2016 12 4 E. Alizadeh e.alizadeh@srttu.edu A. M. Birjandi motiebirjandi@srttu.edu M. Hamzeh mo_hamzeh@sbu.ac.ir This paper proposes an autonomous and economic droop control scheme for DC microgrid application. In this method, a cost-effective power sharing technique among various types of DG units is properly adopted. The droop settings are determined based on an algorithm to individually manage the power management without any complicated optimization methods commonly applied in the centralized control method. In the proposed scheme, the system retains all the advantages of the traditional droop method while minimizes the generation costs of the DC microgrid. In the proposed method, all DGs are classified in a sorting rule based on their total generation cost and the reference voltage of their droop equations is then determined. The proposed scheme is applied to a typical DC microgrid consisting of four different types of DGs and a controllable load. The simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Cost-Based Droop Control Generation Cost DC Microgrids Optimal Power Management 2016 12 01 322 330 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-969-en.pdf 10.22068/IJEEE.12.4.322