Volume 22, Issue 3 (September 2026)                   IJEEE 2026, 22(3): 3850-3850 | Back to browse issues page

XML Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Masud U, Razzaq A, Akram F, Zeeshan A. Enhancing Signal Quality in Long-Haul Optical Networks: Techniques for Amplification, Dispersion, and Nonlinear Impairment. IJEEE 2026; 22 (3) :3850-3850
URL: http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/article-1-3850-en.html
Enhancing Signal Quality in Long-Haul Optical Networks: Techniques for Amplification, Dispersion, and Nonlinear Impairment
Usman Masud , Abdul Razzaq , Faraz Akram , Ahmad Zeeshan
Abstract:   (112 Views)
Long-haul optical communication systems face challenges from nonlinear impairments, chromatic dispersion, and signal attenuation, which can degrade performance over long distances. To address these limitations and enhance transmission quality, this study introduces a 64-channel DenseWavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) system. This system integrates Raman Fiber Amplifiers (RFA) and Dispersion Compensating Fibers (DCF) and achieves significant signal improvements. Specifically, a 15% increase in Q-factor and a 30% reduction in Bit Error Rate (BER) are observed. At 600 km and 15 Gbps, the Q-factor rises from 5.9 to 6.5, and the BER falls from 6.1 × 10?7 to 2.3 × 10?7. Channel 64 demonstrates exceptional performance, reaching a peak Q-factor of 26.0374, exceeding all other channels. The efficacy of this hybrid RFA + DCF system is evident in mitigating nonlinear effects such as Self-Phase Modulation (SPM) and Four-Wave Mixing (FWM), and in improving Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR). These advancements pave the way for high-performance, long-distance optical communication, with potential for further optimization through Raman-EDFA hybrid amplification and channel spacing adjustments.
Keywords: Long-haul Optics, Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM), Raman Amplification, Bidirectional Optical Fibre Communication, Dispersion Compensating Fibre (DCF).
Full-Text [PDF 886 kb]   (41 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research Paper | Subject: Semiconductor Devices
Received: 2025/04/05 | Revised: 2026/05/18 | Accepted: 2025/11/28
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons License
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee IUST, Tehran, Iran. This is an open access journal distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.